For each of the following speech production errors, state what type of error it is and at which level of processing (in the Fromkin model) the error took place.

1. I left a message on your answering machine ® I left an answering machine on your message.

2. Does it sound different? ® Does it hear different?

3. I don't say that because I want to go. ® I say that because I don't want to go.

4. If he swam in the pool... ® If he swimmed in the pool...

5. bird watching ® word botching

Part B:

Use Fromkin’s model of speech production to analyze two of the speech production errors that you have collected from your daily life. There is an example of how Fromkin’s model accounts for a speech production error starting on p. 197 of your text. Identify the type of error and at which stage the error occurs. Be sure to also answer the following: are any non-words generated or is there a lexical bias in the error? Are similar linguistic units involved (e.g., words with words, sounds with sounds, etc.)? If Fromkin's model does not seem to be able to account for your error, explain why.

Use Dell’s model of speech production to analyze one of the speech production errors you have collected from your daily life (they may be the same errors you analyzed in part B, or different ones). Dell’s model is described on p.203 of your text. Again, if Dell's model cannot account for your error, explain why.

Explain what seems to be going on (linguistically) with two of the speech perception errors you have collected. Be sure you consider the following questions in your answer: were there any misperceptions of word boundaries? Does your speech perception error fit into one of the categories we've used to describe speech production errors? At what level of linguistic processing does the error seem to have been made? If your error is complex and doesn't provide a ready answer for any of these questions, explain why.