5.1 Accusative
It is possible to create accusative from nouns, adjectives, pronouns and
adverbs of place. Accusative is formed by the ending
n and has following functions:
1) Direct
object.
Accusative marks direct object in the
sentence.
La knabon mordis la hundo.
– The boy was bit by the dog.
2) Motion toward
Accusative
marks motion toward, in contrary to position. It is not used after preposition
al – to and
ĝis – up to, because they can show
only direction. It is possible to omit preposition
en and to use pure accusative (but recommended
only with names of cities and countries).
Mi veturas
(en) Londonon. = Mi veturas al
Londono. – I go to London. vs. Mi
estas en London. – I am in
London.
Mi promenis en la
ĝardenon. – I walked into the garden. vs.
Mi promenis en la ĝardeno. –
I walked in the garden. (I was already in the garden, walking
around)
Mi iras tien. – I go
there. vs. Mi estas tie. – I am
there.
Mi iras hejmen. –
I go home. vs. Mi estas hejme. –
I am home.
La vagonaro kuras de Hanovero
Berlinon.(FK.209) – The train goes from
Hanover to Berlin.
3) Date
Hodiaŭ estas la
duan de julio. – Today, it is July 2.
4) Time
interval
Li laboras tutan
tagon. – He works whole day.
5) Weight, price,
measure
Mi pezas okdek kilogramojn.
– I weight 80 kg.
Ĝi kostas dek
dolarojn. – It costs
$10.
La vojo estas longa cent
kilometrojn. – The way is 100 km long.