Appendix A Romanization

The following specifies how to transcribe words on the word tier with the romanization system used in the examples in this paper. It is only slightly different from the phonemic kunreisiki style of romanization. Accent location is marked by an apostrophe (') after the accented mora.

CONSONANTS

     p            /patiNko/       `pachinko'
     b            /basyo/         `place'
     t            /tabe'ru/       `eat'
                  /ti'zu/         `map'
                  /tugi'/         `next
     d            /dame'/         `useless'
     k            /kagi'/         `key'		
     g            /ga'maN/        `perseverance'
     h            /ha'ru/         `spring'
                  /hito'tu/       `one'
                  /huzi/          `wisteria'
     s            /sake/          `sake'
                  /siro'i/        `white'
     z            /zabu'toN/      `sitting cushion'
                  /zibuN/         `one's self'
                  /tezu'kuri/     `hand-made'
     r            /raineN/        `next year'
     m            /makeru/        `lose'
     n            /na'be/         `pot'
     N            /oNseN/         `hot spring'
     y            /yawaraka'i/    `soft'
     w            /waka'ru/       `understand'

     p            /kappukE'ki/    `cupcake'
     t            /waratta/       `laughed'
     k            /mikka/         `three days'
     d            /be'ddo/        `bed'
     s            /massu'gu/      `straight'
                  /massi'ro/      `pure white'
     N            /koNnitiwa'/    `Hello'

     p            /happyaku'/     `eight hundred'
     b            /byOiN/         `hospital'	
     t            /tyairo/        `brown'
     k            /okyakusan/     `guest'
     g            /gyaku/         `opposite'
     h            /hyaku'/        `one hundred'
     s            /sya'mozi/      `rice paddle'
     z            /zyama/         `hinderance'
     r            /ryukkusa'kku/  `backpack'
     m            /myO'zi/        `surname'
     n            /nyU'su/        `news'

VOWELS

     a            /ka'ge/        `shadow'
     i            /inu'/         `dog'
     u            /ue/           `top'
     e            /eho'N/        `picture book'
     o            /koke'/        `moss'

     A            /bAgeNsE'ru/   `bargain sale'
     I            /kawaI'/       `cute'
     U            /kU'ki/        `air'
     E            /seNsE'/       `teacher'
     O            /hOritu/       `law'

Identical vowels belonging to adjacent syllables are distinguished from long vowels by being written with two sequential letters, as in:

		
          /baai/       `occasion'
          /midoriiro/  `green'
          /kooni/      `imp'

Diphthongs are distinguished from otherwise identical sequences of heterosyllabic vowels by putting a hyphen between the vowels in the heterosyllabic sequence, as in:

		
          /ko-inu/     `puppy             (heterosyllabic)
          /ko'i/       `love'             (diphthong)
          /kusa-iro/   `(darkish) green'  (heterosyllabic)
          /kusa'i/     `stinking'         (diphthong)
          /usu-iro/    `pale (of color)'  (heterosyllabic)
          /su'iro/     `water conduit'    (diphthong)